- United Kingdom: Keir Starmer became Prime Minister (5 Jul 2024).
- Japan: Shigeru Ishiba was designated Prime Minister (11 Nov 2024).
- NATO: Mark Rutte took office as Secretary General (1 Oct 2024).
- European Union: new Commission mandate began (1 Dec 2024); European Council presidency changed (1 Dec 2024).
Operational Situation Report
Archive Window: 2024. Mission-briefing style summary of climate signals, political transitions, conflict dynamics, and science/technology milestones. Validate details in Sources.
CLIMATE & EARTH SYSTEMS
GOVERNANCE SNAPSHOT
- Security: European defense posture remained dominated by the war in Ukraine and spillovers.
- Economy: inflation aftershocks and energy costs continued shaping domestic politics.
- Tech governance: AI regulation moved from debate into implementation planning.
CONFLICT & SECURITY
The war remained the defining European security crisis. UN briefings emphasized continued civilian harm, repeated attacks affecting infrastructure, and sustained humanitarian need.
Humanitarian reporting described severe constraints on aid flow, medical evacuation backlogs, displacement dynamics, and major operational barriers for responders.
Continued mass displacement with acute impacts on women and girls, including elevated gender-based violence risk.
Attacks on commercial shipping contributed to rerouting and higher costs. Analysis noted a sharp fall in Suez Canal traffic compared to the prior year.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
- EU AI Act: entered into force on 1 Aug 2024, launching phased implementation for high-risk and general-purpose AI governance.
- Nobel recognition: 2024 Nobel Prizes highlighted work underpinning neural networks (Physics) and AI-enabled protein science (Chemistry).
- TOP500 (Nov 2024): three exascale systems at the top, with a new #1 measured above one exaflop.
- Moon: Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus achieved a U.S. lunar landing (Feb 2024).
- Europe: Ariane 6 inaugural flight (Jul 2024).
- China: Chang’e-6 returned first far-side lunar samples (mid-2024).
- Commercial crew: Boeing Starliner first crewed flight test to ISS (Jun 2024).
- Heavy lift: Starship 2024 tests achieved new in-flight milestones and re-entry data collection.
- Demand jump: IEA assessed electricity demand growth surging in 2024 (~4.3%).
- Digital load: IEA flagged data centres/AI as a fast-rising consumption driver with scenario doubling by 2026.
HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- Alzheimer’s treatment: U.S. FDA approved Kisunla (donanemab) in July 2024 for early Alzheimer’s disease stages studied in trials.
- Malaria: WHO reported malaria vaccines reaching children in 17 endemic countries in 2024, marking a major rollout milestone.
Large-scale conflicts and displacement degraded public health outcomes through disrupted care, reduced vaccination access, and infrastructure damage.
SOURCES
- Copernicus: 2024 sets new record global temperature & sea ice low
- WMO: Red-level alert on global warming (2024 context)
- UK Government: Prime Minister (term start 5 July 2024)
- Prime Minister’s Office of Japan: Designation of the Prime Minister (11 Nov 2024)
- NATO: Mark Rutte takes office (1 Oct 2024)
- European Commission: 2024–2029 mandate start (1 Dec 2024)
- European Parliament Research: António Costa as European Council President (from 1 Dec 2024)
- UN Security Council: Humanitarian situation in Ukraine (Dec 2024)
- OCHA: Gaza humanitarian response update (Oct 2024)
- IOM: Displacement in Sudan crosses 11 million (Oct 2024)
- UN Women: Sudan humanitarian impact and GBV risk (Sep 2024)
- IMF: Red Sea attacks disrupt global trade (Mar 2024)
- UN Security Council: Warning on Red Sea escalation (Jan 2024)
- European Commission: AI Act enters into force (1 Aug 2024)
- Nobel Prize: Physics 2024 press release
- Nobel Prize: Chemistry 2024 press release
- NASA: Intuitive Machines-1 (Odysseus) mission
- ESA: Ariane 6 overview
- NASA: Boeing Crew Flight Test (Starliner)
- SpaceX: Starship Flight 3 page
- IEA: Global Energy Review 2025 — electricity demand growth in 2024
- IEA: Electricity 2024 — data centres & AI demand outlook